Issue of Raising the Minimum Wage - 1527 Words

Life is a struggle and finding a job and paying your bills is not always easy in this world today. A major debate that has been an issue is whether there should be a law to raise the minimum wage. The minimum wage is the lowest hourly salary an employer can pay an employee for their work. According to Williams (2013), â€Å"The minimum wage was signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1938†. The first minimum wage was 25 cents per hour. Since then, the minimum wage has been increasing as the last increase of Floridas minimum wage was an increase of 14 cents on Jan. 1, 2014. This federal increase makes it 68 cents higher than the federal minimum wage of $7.25. Gibson (2014) states â€Å"Obama, who last year called for an increase in the†¦show more content†¦In addition, having a minimum wage forces the bigger companies out there to share the wealth to the people who help produce it. American companies make billions of dollars and the least that they could do is share it with those who need the minimum to make it through their everyday lives. For example, McDonalds is a big company that makes an enormous amount of money that can afford to pay their workers who make their profit more than just the bare minimum. According to Zadrozny (2013), â€Å"Currently, approximately 3.6 million workers make at or below the federal minimum wage of $7.25†. Even though having a minimum wage helps in many ways and keeps a minimum to what people can work for, it also can do some harm. The minimum wage law does cost the economy thousands of jobs. The essential principle of economics is supply and demand and the minimum wage aspect goes hand in hand with it. In the sense of labor, this means the amount of workers increases and wages increase, and the demand for employees by employers’ decreases as the wage increases. For instance, if an office cleaning job was publicized for hiring. If the wage was $90 per hour, many people would be intereste d in taking the job. However, if the income was $2 per hour, there most likely wouldnt be anyone to want the job. On the contrary, if the government obligated the owner to pay at least $9 perShow MoreRelatedRaising The Minimum Wage Is The Issue Of Social Equality1398 Words   |  6 Pagesworking class. Today media focuses on the rich and upper middle class. For instance, they focus one Donald Trump, who is running for president. Instead of the issue of raising the minimum wage for fast food workers. The issue of raising the minimum wage is the issue of social equality. This shows the importance of how social equality is a major issue for people. Social equality has caused an inequality between the poor and rich, which has limited the opportunities for the poor working class. In the MiddleRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage: A Counter-Intuitive Solution Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesWhile some believe that raising the minimum wage will resolve poverty issues and lack of pay with the signing of legislation, the raising of the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (as advocated by President Obama and the Democrats) would cause the poverty issue to be worse than it already is; inflation would occur, employees would be laid off, and minimum wage employees would lose welfare benefits, thus offsetting the wage increase. The Government should consider the effects on the American economy asRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage Will Reduce Poverty Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesFurman, Jason, and Sharon Parrot. Raising the Minimum Wage Will Reduce Poverty. Poverty. Ed. Viqi Wagner. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from A $7.25 Minimum Wage Would Be a Useful Step in Helping Working Families Escape Poverty. www.cbpp.org. 2007. Opposing Viewpoints in Co ntext. Web. 9 Nov. 2015 Jason Furman and Parrot Sharon explain why raising minimum wage will help families. The wage has to be elevated to just the point where a family can actually afford allRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most controversial issues on our country, which is United States has been facing last ten years. There have been never ending debates over this issue until the government, company, and others party stand together, and raise the minimum wage throughout the nations. There are communities that believe raise the minimum wage has negative impact of every sector of the country. Other communities have different beliefs over the issue, raising the minimum wage helps the poorRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised For A Better Standard Of Living1636 Words   |  7 PagesVamsi Sanagala Hannah Manshel Dec 15 2014 English 1 Minimum Wage Almost 3.3 out of 76 million workers in the US receive minimum wage (Source: BLS reports). Activists for raising the minimum wage claim that the federal minimum wage of $7.25 is the reason they are living in poverty, and that the wage must be raised for a better standard of living. Many people who take on minimum wage jobs are young and work in companies that don’t carry much prestige; however, they stillRead MoreMinimum Wage During The Great Depression1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Minimum Wage Battle In the United States, the minimum wage was passed during the Great Depression in 1938 to protect the buying power of normal workers in a period in which the â€Å"unemployment rate was still a very high 19 percent† (Sklar, 2009, p. 1). Since that time, there has been significant debate about the controversial topic of raising the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage law was created to eliminate unfair practices of sweat shops and manufacturing companies during this timeRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage? Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most discussed issues around the country. Everyone has a different opinion if raising the minimum wage would help families across the country to have a better lifestyle or if would cause an unbalance in the economy. Democrats and Republicans have a different view on this issue, while Democrats supports raising the minimum wage by $15 an hour, Republicans have stated that they refuse increasing the wage be cause it would leave different factions of Americans outside ofRead MoreA Brief Note On Raising Minimum Wage1088 Words   |  5 PagesBrendan Mason Mrs. Scruggs 08/07/15 Raising minimum Wage There is always talk about the problems of North Carolina’s economy, and these problems then become publicized and put throughout the media, informing people on the condition of their state’s economy. A popular topic lately is the state’s minimum wage, and whether it should be raised or if we should keep the current minimum wage. Usually, opinions vary on what to do about minimum wage, however there certainly seems to be a larger group ofRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised798 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2008 the United states came into recession due to many factors. Based on the article, the minimum wage should be raised. Ever since that meeting many economists have proposed different plans to solve this issue. One of these solutions for this particular issue is to raise the minimum wage. This would affect the economy, workers, and job growth which will follow in need of help. This plan would help, but there has been research that has gone against the solution s tating that there is more costRead MoreThe Debate Over Minimum Wage940 Words   |  4 Pages The debate on raising the minimum wage has been discussed in detail in Congress for the past eighteen months. But as of late, writer William Finnegan suggests, it is â€Å"among the many urgent issues that it [Congress] certainly won’t address.† Though this issue is important, Congress seems to be putting off making any real decision in regards to raising the minimum wage. The bill to raise minimum wage from $7.25 per hour to $10.10 and hour over a two year period had been thrown around for months

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1370 Words

In the United States, there has been a long history of arguing over states’ rights and federal rights due to the vagueness in the language of the Constitution. This has led to different interpretations of laws by those in government positions and continues to be an issue especially when state and federal governments have conflicting laws. Currently, almost every state has legalized the medical use of marijuana to some degree, and 8 states and the District of Columbia have legalized its recreational use. The federal government, however, still states that marijuana is a Schedule 1 Drug. Its status means that the DEA still believes it has no medical use and has high potential for abuse, holding the same status as heroin and LSD. This†¦show more content†¦The federal law should change so that the law represents what the people want, but until then the state laws should not contradict the federal law that should have the most power. The federal government can take issue fr om a different angle of the Constitution as well. The federal government has a history of relating almost all commerce to the Commerce Clause in the first article of the Constitution. The sale of marijuana can fall under this same clause because, even though it is not transported over state lines or sold from one state to another, a large number of people cross state lines to buy marijuana or to cross back over once they have bought it. The federal government can use this to regulate the sale of marijuana within states. The federal government is able to regulate what states laws are by withholding grant money. There are a few types of grants the federal government gives to states to fund different sectors of the state government. Although the federal government cannot cut all funding to the states, they can require certain laws to be upheld in exchange for the money. For example, when the drinking age was nationally changed from 18 to 21, no states had to comply. The federal governm ent incentivized the states to raise the minimum age by withholding money for highway repair (Department of Health and Human Services). Since the money was given in a categorical grant, it wasShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

Timing of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure

Question: Discuss about the Timing of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure. Answer: Introduction: Mucociliary clearance system is a very important lung defence mechanism it is made up of mucus, periciliary layers and ciliary epithelium and cough clearance mechanism. In a healthy person, the cilia beat at perfect frequency hence propelling mucus up the airway (McIlwaine et al., 2017). Disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cause the impairment of the mucociliary system, this is due to one or more condition such as dehydration of the periciliary, lack of lubricant activity and defective cilia (Bashir et al., 2016). Leading to ineffective airway clearance. Diffusion is the process that enables the exchange of gas between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries, the concentration difference between the oxygen and carbon dioxide gases should always be maintained by ventilation and perfusion. Conditions such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress can cause the collapse of alveoli and as a result stopping alveoli ventilation leading to gas exchange impairment as suggested by Ozyilmaz, Ugurlu, and Nava (2014). Risk of impaired ventilation Probable causes to impaired ventilation could be associated with weak cough reflex and excessive secretion as experienced by the patient as suggested by (Nicolini et al., 2014). However, the risk factors for the early impairment can be due to hypoxemic respiratory failure at the same time poor arterial blood gas is considered as a major cause (Ozyilmaz, Ugurlu, and Nava, 2014). It is caused by intake of an insufficient nutrient that cant meet the bodys metabolic demands. In such cases, the caring nurse should be able to understand the nutritional requirement of the patient and develop a dietary regime in consultation with a nutritionist. A diet rich in protein and carbohydrate is always preferred according to (Reeves, Tran, and Collins, 2016). This problem can be caused by conditions that create a promising environment that enables the disease to develop and thrive such conditions include compromised primary body defence system due to damage caused on the mucociliary system and lack of proper blood circulation due to tissue damage on the alveoli capillaries. Nursing problem: Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements (Anker and Larsson, 2016). Underlying cause or reason: Poor dietary management, Lack of proper feeding (Sehgal, Dhooria, and Agarwal, 2017). Goal of care Nursing interventions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Improved diet intake to meet caloric need Boosting immune Give frequent oral care and Remove expectorated secretions Avoid giving patient very hot or very cold foods. Unpleasant smell can be deterrent to appetite. Can cause nausea and vomiting Extremes temperature can aggravate coughing spasms Improved appetite Increased body weight Absence of coughs when eating Nursing problem: Risk of infection Underlying cause or reason: Not washing hands and not handling sterile equipment aseptically Goal of care Nursing interventions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Prevent hospital- acquired infections Prevent reinfection Keep the patient clean to prevent more infections Maintain asepsis for dressing changes and wound care. peripheral IV management, and catheter care and handling. Teach patient hand washing techniques. Reduced chances of transmitting or spreading pathogens. Interrupting the transmission of infection along the chain of infection is an effective way to prevent infection. Reduced cases of opportunistic infection. Reduced cases of hospital acquired infections. Nursing problem: Ineffective airway clearance Underlying cause or reason: Infection, allergy Goal of care Nursing interventions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Increased Patient air exchange. Patient will classify methods to enhance secretion removal. Keep patient safe from complications Patient to be taught how to cough Use well lubricated soft catheters Coughing help patient remove most secretions reduces irritation and prevents trauma to mucous membranes. Smooth cough and more secretion removed Ruduced irritation Nursing problem: Risk of impaired ventilation Underlying cause or reason: freezing temperatures Goal of care Nursing interventions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Keep patient warm To improve patient breathing Advice patient to put on warm clothing during winter. Advice the patient to warm the room during winter blood vessels and breathing airways contract in chilly air. Helps in keeping the environment around the patient warm No Shivering No breathing problems Nursing problem: Dehydration Underlying cause or reason: lack of water in the body for proper physiology (Ghosh et al., 2015) Goal of care Nursing interventions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Hydration of the patient Administering I.V fluids to the patient Teach the patient about the importance of taking more water Advice patient to take fruits that are watery such as watermelon I.V fluids helps the body to improve electrolyte balance Improved blood circulation No dryness of mouth No dizziness Treatment of COPD Oral Prednisone prescribed to the patient is a type of corticosteroid which helps in reducing the symptoms of COPD by reducing inflammation along the walls of the lung (Kruis et al., 2014). This drug is also prescribed to the patient to prevent acute exacerbation (McCarthy et al., 2015). The use of oral prednisone combined with other therapies is highly beneficial to patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD, there was clinically significant improvement among the hospitalized COPD patient who were treated using oral prednisone combined with other therapies according especially patients with hypercapnia and those without (Keen et al., 2017). However, oral prednisone should be avoided as it is considered to carry risks such as muscles wasting hence should be avoided as part of primary care as recommended by Keen and Medarov (2017). Due to the side effects caused by administering oral prednisone to the COPD patient is the responsibility of the nurse to adequately inform the patient ab out the potential side effect as well as the benefits the side effects should be monitored and nurse intervention needed where necessary to minimize them (Kruis et al., 2014). An acute respiratory deterioration of among the patients suffering from COPD can be as a result of other conditions such caused by bacterial infections among them pneumonia and venous thromboembolism among others. According to a randomized control study conducted by Janson et al. (2013), the risk of infection from pneumococcal was high among the COPD patients the findings are supported by (Sethi et al., 2016). Neville the patient is also at elevated risk of contracting pneumonia. Therefore, amoxicillin is recommended as part of the treatment regime (Jaiswal et al., 216). It is the responsibility of the nurse to take note of Mr. Neville history regarding the use of antibiotic. This information will enable the nurse to advise on the use of amoxicillin as prescribed. Ipratropium bromide is a type of anticholinergic that act by blocking muscarinic receptors, as a result it causes bronchodilation (Jarenbck et al., 2016). The dominant reversible airway obstruction activities have been associated with the parasympathetic cholinergic activity (Keen and Medarov, 2017). The drug protects the airways by preventing bronchospasm and it also prevents the increased production of mucus. According to (Afonso et al., 2011), there was an improved function in peripheral airway through increased airflow, reduced air trapping and reduction in the degree of alveoli hypoventilation after administering an anticholinergic drug such as Ipratropium bromide. Neville expressed symptoms such as shortness of breath on exertion and increased production of purulent sputum. Therefore, the doctors needed to prescribe bronchodilator such as Ipratropium bromide to help the patient have smooth breathing and reduced mucus production. It is the responsibility of the nurse to monitor and intervene whenever any side effect occurs to the patient. Such side effect to be watched by nurse include dry mouth, cough, and urinary retention. Signs of deterioration of COPD Early identification of indicators suggesting deteriorating patient condition contribute immensely towards reducing mortality, avoidable morbidity, the length of stay and associated healthcare costs to the patient (Ninane et al., 2017). Therefore, there is a need for the nurse to inform the patient about the benefits of reporting such signs immediately after they appear. Psychological changes witnessed in COPD patient should be considered as one of the indicators of worsening of COPD patient. According to (Doyle et al., 2014), deterioration in mood, increase level of fear are some of the indicators that the patient need further review by a doctor. The researcher recommended the use of hospital anxiety and depression scale to be used to assess the patients condition. According to (Bratas et al., 2010), pulmonary rehabilitation has shown to improve the depression among COPD patients. It is therefore, important for the patient to be well informed about such signs so that he will be able to report them immediately to the nurse. Severe pain in the chest of a patient can be another indicator for a deterioration of COPD, this can be attributed to damage done on the lungs caused by the persistent bacterial infection like pneumonia which is nonresponsive to the antibiotics. Identifying this early sign in the case of patient Neville will help the doctor in reviewing the treatment regime to enhance the healing process. Presence of constant wheezing during sleep this is an indicator that there is continues airway obstruction caused by the mucus within the airways. This can cause air trapping and lack of proper breathing. Fatigue can be also related to nutrient imbalance. When such is reported, a dietary regime can then be developed depending on his current situation to help manage nutrient imbalance. He could be suffering from respiratory acidosis. I would perform chest physiotherapy to promote adequate ventilation and maintain an airway to the patient, Suction can be carried out to clear the airway. I would also administer theophylline combined with salbutamol to further maintain and prevent narrowing of the airway, I.V fluids may also be administered to correct patients dehydration. I am Nurse Kimberly Registered Nurse for Mr. Neville. Neville is a 62-year-old man with established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has a long history of smoking. He has not completely refrained from smoking but he has reduced to 10 cigarettes per day. He was admitted three days ago with worsening dyspnoea, cough and increased purulent sputum. In the last one day, he has developed further deteriorating signs of COPD including depression, fatigue, tachycardia and slightly elevated blood pressure. He has been treated for nasal prong oxygen @ 2l/min to maintain oxygen saturation 88-92%, he has been on high protein and carbohydrate diet. The patient has been treated with ipratropium bromide and salbutamol nebulizers, oral prednisone, oral amoxicillin, prn paracetamol and coloxyl. In the last one day, he developed more complication after being nebulized with a prn salbutamol, he was restless, anxious, plucking randomly at his bed linen, dyspnoeic, flashed skin and diaphoretic. H e further presented with more complication his oxygen saturation was 98%, elevated heart rate of 110 beats /minute, with his respiratory rate dropping to 8-10 breathes/minute. I have suspected respiratory acidosis. Therefore, in response I have put the patient on oxygen controlled concentration using venturi mask, administered oral theophylline at the same time, chest percussion and chest vibration have been performed on the patient. It was also necessary to perform suctioning to the patient to clear the airway. The patient was also put on 2L/day of I.V fluid. The use of amoxicillin was continued. I would recommend the following: Continuously asses his respiratory status; monitor the vital signs frequently; monitor his neurologic status; maintain accurate fluid intake; carry out acid blood gas analysis; request for laboratory analysis of serum electrolytes. Reference Afonso, A. S., Verhamme, K., Stricker, B. H., Sturkenboom, M. C., Brusselle, G. G. (2011). Inhaled anticholinergic drugs and risk of acute urinary retention.BJU international,107(8), 1265-1272. Akner, G., Larsson, K. (2016). Undernutrition state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A critical appraisal on diagnostics and treatment.Respiratory Medicine,117, 81-91. Bashir, S., Muzamil, J., Guru, F. R., Mohsin, N., Nabi, F., Kanwar, M. S. (2016). Patterns of infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and its outcome in high dependency area, intensive care setting in a tertiary care hospital.Community Acquired Infection,3(3), 77. Bhattacharya, A., Bhargava, S., Singh, V., Talwar, D., Whig, J., Rebello, J., ... Gogtay, J. (2016). Efficacy and safety of ipratropium bromide/salbutamol sulphate administered in a hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler for the treatment of COPD.International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,11, 1469. Ghosh, A., Boucher, R. C., Tarran, R. (2015). Airway Hydration and COPD.Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS,72(19), 36373652. Jaiswal, A., Chichra, A., Nguyen, V. Q., Gadiraju, T. V., Le Jemtel, T. H. (2016). Challenges in the Management of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.Current heart failure reports,13(1), 30-36. Jarenbck, L., Eriksson, G., Peterson, S., Ankerst, J., Bjermer, L., Tufvesson, E. (2016). Bronchodilator response of advanced lung function parameters depending on COPD severity.International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,11, 2939. Keen, C., Medarov, B. I. (2017). Current strategies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management.Journal of Public Health and Emergency,1(2). Kruis, A. L., Boland, M. R., Assendelft, W. J., Gussekloo, J., Tsiachristas, A., Stijnen, T., ... Chavannes, N. H. (2014). Effectiveness of integrated disease management for primary care COPD patients: results of a cluster randomised trial.The Effectiveness of Integrated Disease Management in COPD Patients,349, 189. McCarthy, B., Casey, D., Devane, D., Murphy, K., Murphy, E., Lacasse, Y. (2015). Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane Library. McIlwaine, M., Bradley, J., Elborn, J. S., Moran, F. (2017). Personalising airway clearance in chronic lung disease.European Respiratory Review,26(143), 160086. Nicolini, A., Ferrera, L., Santo, M., Ferrari-Bravo, M., Del Forno, M., Sclif, F. (2014). Noninvasive ventilation for hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: factors related to noninvasive ventilation failure.Pol Arch Med Wewn,124(10), 525-31. Ozyilmaz, E., Ugurlu, A. O., Nava, S. (2014). Timing of noninvasive ventilation failure: causes, risk factors, and potential remedies.BMC pulmonary medicine,14(1), 19. Reeves, A., Tran, K., Collins, P. (2016). Nutrition During Noninvasive Ventilation: Clinical Determinants and Key Practical Recommendations. InNoninvasive Mechanical Ventilation(pp. 203-207). Springer International Publishing. Sehgal, I. S., Dhooria, S., Agarwal, R. (2017). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and malnutrition in developing countries.Current opinion in pulmonary medicine,23(2), 139-148. Sethi, S., Anzueto, A., Miravitlles, M., Arvis, P., Alder, J., Haverstock, D., ... Wilson, R. (2016). Determinants of bacteriological outcomes in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Infection,44(1), 65-76.